Assessment Prep: Urban Sprawl

1. Identify specific examples of Urban Sprawl and Consolidation in Sydney and describe how these are examples of urban sprawl (include photos). (1 of each - consolidation and sprawl)


Example of urban consolidation is in Pymble near the Bobbin head rd 4, this apartment is in constructing right now, they are building high level house to use the other space efficiently. This is urban consolidation because high density of people live in this small area but high floor levels apartment.


Example of urban sprawl is in Penrith in Western Australia. the picture below this text proves that these area is urban sprawl because there are no high level houses and its all low level houses and the area is large and takes lots of space to build low density houses.


2. In one of these examples you need to identify and list all of the INVOLVED PARTIES - (NGOs, governments, individuals, businesses or groups)


In the example of urban sprawl, the NSW government, Housing NSW, housing companies and Ku-ring-gai council.


3. Describe how all of these parties (at least two) are involved in this example of Urban Sprawl. Talk about what their interest is in this development/area of development. (At least two paragraphs for each group.)


the NSW government wanted most suburbs to build low density houses. However,by the time increasing, the number of issues were keep increasing as well. So, the Ku-ring-gai council got the permission from the government that the some suburbs can build high density houses like apartments to not waste the area and remove the environmental areas as well. After this, several housing companies were interested that they could build apartments and they started to remove the houses and build apartments.


4. What are the possible responses to the issue? Or, if there has been a response already, what is has been the response to this issue? (at least two responses)


There were many issues and problems to development of having too much low density houses. Quite lots of people felt uncomfortable about this because the area was keep expanding and that means, they have to remove the forest and environments to build houses. The council had responded to this issues, they said they will build high density houses which is apartment to not waste the area and not to destroy the environmental areas.


5. Evaluate the effectiveness of one of the possible responses to this instance of Urban Sprawl.


For my personal opinion, i think building the high density houses like apartments are very effective way to improve the environments and not waste the areas. The bad point is that it takes longer than houses to build. Normally, it takes 2 or 3years to build the apartments because it has high floors.

Year 10 Monday 28/3: 9.2 Population Growth in Sydney

Sydney's population is still increasing these days. Sydney began in 1788 as a small convict settlement of around 900 people including convicts and their marine guards. Since then it has grown to a city with a population of 3.9 million people. With the birth rate higher than the death rate, Australia's population will keep on rising. The people predicted that the population will rise by 40 6000 people and build around 640 000 houses after 30 years. An additional 500 000 jobs will be necessary for these people and 7500 hectares will be used as new industrial land. This will all take up about 6.8 million square metres and another 3.7 million square metres will be used as additional retail space. This is very serious because the rising population will put serious strain on the housing industry, to house these people will cause a huge amount of construction outwards. This will cause some extreme urban sprawl as urban consolidation won't be able to deal with the rising population. Sydney will be affected in that it can't expand eastward because of the ocean. Sydney can only expand to west side and there might be a huge urban sprawl and the resources will expand to the end.

Year 10: Urban Sprawl or Consolidation: Green Square

1. What is this an example of?
Answer: This is an example of urban sprawl and urban consolidation because the the population might be more than 40,000 and more than 22,000 people working. This is lots of people and lots of people will be working in this square. Also, this square is close to city and airport. 


2.What are the benefits of this development?
Answer: The benefits of this development is the number of people who is working will increase and the state and earn money faster and its very close to airport and city.


3.What could be a negative result of this development?
Answer: The negative result of this development is the people in that square can hear the airplane noise during their business time. It can distracts them. 

Year 10: Urban Sprawl or Consolidation: Jordan Springs

1. This is an example of urban sprawl because the new suburb called 'Penrith' is going to spread. It spreaded by 900 ha. Its expanding in a very large area but they are not going build high buildings. They also said that they are going to build bicycle roads, sports oval, playgrounds and hiking trails.
2. I think this development would be positive because the population will increase and the local jobs will increase so the state money would increase and more shops will move to that area and increase the state and Australia money. However, since there will be lots of man-made buildings and lakes, it can disrupts the ecosystems which is very important for Australia.

Year 10: Tuesday 15/3: The Most and Least Expensive Suburbs in Sydney

1. List the top 5 most expensive suburbs. Why do you think that these suburbs are so expensive to live in? What can you say about where they are all located?
Answer: The top 5 most expensive suburbs in Australia is Cottesloe, Mosman, Nedlands, Woollarhra and Hunters Hill. The reason why these cities were top 5 most expensive suburbs were located near the Water, had low rates of crimes, has lots of volunteering people.


2.List the top 5 least expensive suburbs. Why do you think that these suburbs are so inexpensive to live in? What can you say about where they are all located?
Answer:  The top 5 least expensive suburbs in Australia is Whyalla, Penfield, Gundiah, YarraWonga and Cowra. The main reasons why these suburbs are cheap is because the security level is very low around these towns and not much people are living.

Year 10 Mond 14/3: Urban Planning and Development

1. The answer of this first question was the  the urban controllably spread and developed into neighborer regions.
2. The area that only particular city increase their boundary and built many buildings and more structures.
3. Most people lives in urban area
4. The three statistics that suggest Australia is a highly urbanized country are a high population density, a high proportion of the population working in manufacturing and/or professional or service- related industries and they are centers of business, trade, tourism, entertainment and finance.
5. one of the Australia cities have coastal locations due mainly to historical reasons linked to transport advantages, although the availability of flat land and a favorable climate also influenced their location and growth.
6. Population density is the number of people per square kilometers. This is related to urban sprawl because if the population density increases the area of city expand.
7. Australia compare with other country by density/km squared.
8. It shows that you can have a dense population at a such a small area as in high-rise apartments. More facilities can be available but using less space.
9. Urban planners have had to be innovative in their design of apartments and new estates to manage the impacts of population growth in cities.
10. Melbourne covers the greatest land area. Density is calculated by looking at the kilometer square, Syndey, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Gold Coast, Canberra, Newcastle and Gosford. Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Adelaide, Gold Coast, Canberra, Newcastle and Wollongong has a population density that is greater than 1000 people per square kilometer.
11. The construction will have a large impact as it will greatly oveshadow the smaller houses around the large apartment developments. They will cause about 75% increase in the number of people living in that area. It will also cause shadowing over the smaller houses as the apartment buildings are so large and bulky.
12. The advantage of living in detached house is much comfortable and has bigger areas compare to apartment because in apartment you have to live in much smaller area and live with lots of people in per apartments. The disadvantage is that it will be hard to clean the house since, the detached house is much bigger than an apartment.

Year 10: Urban Renew and Decay

Aesthetic: Aesthetics  is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and with the creation and appreciation of beauty.


Safety: The condition of being safe; freedom from danger, risk, or injury. The example can be 'This is not the safety area to play around because you can die or get injured around this area'.


Slums: A heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and squalor. An example can be Japan or any small country that is only developed for technology.


Decay: The destruction of radioactive place, the radioactive releases and goes on to bionic cell and destroys it. For example, Japan has decay situation since they had huge tsunami and destroyed the nuclear power plant.


Reconstruction and renewal: The act or result of reconstructing. Sometimes the workers have to reconstruct the buildings because they constructed in wrong design or on the wrong area.


Transport: Transport is something that carries the location from A to B. An example can be the car moved the person from A point to B point.


Suburbanization: Suburbanization  is a term used to describe the growth of areas on the fringes of major cities. The example can be a Sydney because the Sydney is on the edge of the Australia and its developed country.


Light and sound: The definition of light is something that can make the particular area bright. The definition of sound is it makes the noise in particular area.

Big wave (The wedge California, east end of Balboa Peninsula in New port beach)

The Wedge is a world-famous surfing and body surfing spot located at the extreme east end of the Balboa Peninsula in Newport Beach, California. During a south swell of a particular size and direction, the Wedge can produce huge waves as spectacular and intimidating as any in Hawaii,Tahiti, or Australia. The wedge can produce waves up to 30 feet high.
 

Between the Balboa Pier and the Wedge, waves are referred to as a shore or beach break. When the crest of the wave comes crashing down, regardless of its size, it lands in water no more than 1 to 2 feet deep, and it will sometimes land directly on to the sand. This condition causes uninformed and inexperienced swimmers to be at extreme risk of a spinal cord injury. If a person is to "go over the falls," , he will commonly strike his head on the sand below the shallow water. Shore break waves are much thicker and stronger for their size than waves that break farther out. Their thickness increases the force in which they strike the ground. Lower Newport sees many spinal cord injury victims every summer who often end up as quadriplegics.

7.8 Dune Revegetation at Stuarts Point Questions

1. The Stuarts Point is the area where the sand dunes are.
2.

3. The  sand dune ecosystem by all working together to achieve the goal of re vegetating the Stuart's Point sand dune. They help by volunteering to plant and take care of the plants growing there and also can help by staying away from the dunes to allow re vegetation to continue without disturbing it.


4. The sand dune area is very important to the people of Stuarts point as much of the areas fishing and tourism industry is located within the vicinity of the dune. Another reason it is important as there are many expensive waterfront luxury home lining the area. 


5. The sand dunes have few section to them in which the plants were planted in. The first section is for primary species such as grasses and creepers. The second section is for secondary species such as shrubs and short-lived trees. 


6. Vegetation is so important for making sand dunes because the plant roots dig into the sand and actually fixes the sand. It makes  the sand to be locked in place by the plants and will not blow away.


7. The cattle grazing on the sand dune made the fragile vegetation to be destroyed. It was either stepped on or eaten plants which were very young and very venerable other things such as the cows.


8.The changes that would of cause after the cattle grazing would of been a open sand dune on which there would be no vegetation. The sand would of been exposed which was easily moved by the wind. Deposition would of been heavily used to transport the unprotected sand dune.


9.The groups involved in the rehabilitation were the Stuarts Point Progress Association, the Soil Conservation Service of New South Wales, the local Stuarts Point community, Department of land, Department of Public Works and the Macaulay Shire Council.


10.On top of this a dune-forming fence was constructed. It was then stabilized with coastal spinifex and marram grass. The second stage involved planting trees along the riverbank to stabilize the western margin of the area. They then planted native seedlings in the area between the fore dune and the riverbank. Then fast growing wattle were planted then coastal tertiary species were planted.


12. The geographical process that would of caused the river mouth to silt up is longshore transportation as well as deposition. 


13. 
a. The stabilization of the sand dunes was a great success.

b.The Macleay River ecosystem was protected as many animals had homes again after the revegetation but the noxious Bitou bush is taking over the area and will soon take over the whole dune.

c. This has benefited groups from the community as the fishing and tourism industry has been protected and helps this community in many ways.

7.6 The Tweed River Entrance Sand

1. The Sandbars were forming across the river mouth from sand being transported from the beach into the river mouh and this is why it was essential to extend the Tweed River breakwaters.
2. The construction of the breakwater have on the replenishment of sand to the Gold Coast beaches after a severe storm would not be that bad as the sand would not be transported all that far at all..
3. The Tweed River became dangerous place for shipping due to huge sand bars forming across the river mouth and making it unsafe otherwise ships would become grounded on the sand bar.
4. It was only a short-term solution as it was very expensive to dredge and ship so much sand around. This is wahy this only lasted a couple of years.
5. The TRESBP replaces longshore drift. Sand is pumped from where it accumulates and on the southern side of the Tweed River via a system of pipes, across the Tweed River to one of four outlets where sand is released onto the beach.
6. The Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project is regared as one of the most successful coastal management schemes in Australia. This is beacause the planning, construction and effects of the TRESBP was so well thought out and that so much research was done into the project such as reffering to coastal managers, council authorities, geographers, etc. I think it is excellent and now humans can control the coastal area and river mouth at Tweed Heads. This allows for their not to be too much disruption to the beach and surounding areas and will not be forever changing like it was before the project. It allows for a long term solution and now that it is complete it will benefit most of the community/society.
7. The changes occured at the mouth of the Tweed River since 1962 have been very dramatic. The most prominent thing that has changed is the beach becoming larger with larger amounts of sand being placed on the beach. Over time the sand has not been transported away from the beach into the river but instead now is all being retained within the beach being held by the breakwater.
8. The breakwater length in 1962 would of been about 40 metres long but in 1994 it has been extended to about the length of 300 metres.

Summarising the TRESB Project

1. The problem which lead to the TRESB Project. The problem which lead to the Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project was that during the 1950's the entrance to the Tweed River became a shipping hazard to passing boast into the river due sandbars forming across the river mouth. 

2. The solution to the problem. 
The solution to the problem was to build the Tweed River Sand Bypassing Project. This would artificially recreate the the coastal process along the beach/coastline. The process aims to replicate the natural process of longshore drift. Sand is pumped from where it accumulates on the southern side of the Tweed River via a system of pipes, across the Tweed River to one of four outlets where sand is realeased onto the beach.

3. The result of the project. What areas were effected and how? Do you think that it was a success? 
Quite a lot of area was affected by the actual construction of the project as much of the pipes had to be put underground and lots of ground had to be dug up. This would of affected a lot of the above ground area for the time period during contraction which was for a year. But after it was constructed the only places affected was the actual pumping station, the sand pumping jetty and the 4 separate outlets.